地壳介质剪切波分裂研究的部分进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

太龄雪  高原 《地震》2008,28(2):65-73

剪切波穿过各向异性介质传播时会发生分裂现象,而在地壳中产生各向异性的主要因素是大量充满液体的定向排列的微裂隙。通过剪切波分裂参数可以研究地壳介质的特性、地壳应力状态及应力场的变化,并可用于地震预测。利用地壳介质各向异性特征研究断层性质也是一个新的动向。  相似文献   

2007年苏门答腊8．5级、8．3级地震强余震库仑破裂应力触发研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

周龙泉  马宏生  夏红  周俊杰  邵志刚 《地震》2008,28(1):40-46

2007年9月12日印尼苏门答腊发生了8.5级地震,9月13日其西北边又发生了8.3级地震,震后在附近还发生了一系列6级以上强震。该文依次计算了苏门答腊8.5级地震后各次地震前其所在主破裂面的库仑破裂应力变化。结果表明,2007年苏门答腊8.5级地震的后续强震都发生在库仑破裂应力显著增加区,其应力变化值均大于0.01 MPa,即后续强震可能都是被触发的。  相似文献   

Late Cenozoic stress states around the Bolu Basin along the North Anatolian Fault, NW Turkey     

Suha Ozden  Semir Over  Kaan Sevki Kavak  Serife Sevinc Inal 《Journal of Geodynamics》2008,46(1-2):48-62

This study defines the Late Cenozoic stress regimes acting around the Bolu Basin along the North Anatolian Fault in northwestern Turkey. The inferred regional stress regime, obtained from the inversion of measured fault-slip vectors as well as focal mechanism solutions, is significant and induces the right-lateral displacement of the North Anatolian Fault. The field observations have also revealed extensional structures in and around the Bolu Basin. These extensional structures can be interpreted as either a local effect of the regional transtensional stress regime or as the result of the interaction of the fault geometries of the dextral Duzce Fault and the southern escarpment of the North Anatolian Fault, bordering the Bolu Basin in the north and in the south, respectively.The inversion of slip vectors measured on fault planes indicates that a strike-slip stress regime with consistent NW- and NE-trending σ_Hmax(σ₁) and σ_Hmin(σ₃) axes is dominant. Stress ratio (R) values provided by inversion of slip vectors measured on both major and minor faults and field observations show significant variations of principal stress magnitudes within the strike-slip stress regime resulting in older transpression to younger transtension. These two stress states, producing dextral displacement along NAF, are coaxial with a consistent NE-trending σ₃ axis. The earthquake focal mechanism inversions confirm that the transtensional stress regime has continued into recent times, having identical horizontal stress axis directions, characterized by NW and NE-trending σ₁ and σ₃ axes, respectively. A locally consistent NE-trending extensional, normal faulting regime is also seen in the Bolu Basin. The stress-tensor change within the strike-slip stress regime can be explained by variations in horizontal stress magnitudes that probably occurred in Quaternary times as a result of the westward extrusion of the Anatolian block.  相似文献   

The Chi-Chi 1999 earthquake: Correlation between the spatio-temporal distribution of aftershocks and viscoelastic stress changes     

Chiou-Fen Shieh  Shyh-Yang Sheu 《Journal of Geodynamics》2008,45(4-5):208-216

The Chi-Chi 1999 (M_L = 7.3) earthquake generated a large number of aftershocks in the vicinity of the rupture plane. The spatial-temporal distribution of these aftershocks was recorded with high precision and thus provided a unique possibility to study whether the correlation between aftershocks and stress changes are primary due to coseismically induced stress changes (static), or whether stress relaxation processes (viscoelastic) in the lower crust contribute significantly to this correlation. From our analysis of a 3D finite element model simulating the viscoelastic stress changes due to the coseismic displacement and tectonic loading we found that the aftershocks are highly correlated with the stress variations (static and viscoelastic) caused by the main shock. Although we found that the correlation between seismicity rate changes and viscoelastic stress fluctuation is slightly better than that of the static stress changes, these differences can only be identified well in the lower crust. As a result, it is reasonable to conclude that static stress changes are the key mechanism for triggering early and shallow aftershocks in the upper crust. It is reasonable to infer that the viscoelastic relaxation in the lower crust does affect the occurrence of early aftershocks in the deep crust, but it does not significantly affect the shallow aftershocks. However, the stress changes induced from the lower crust gradually transfer to the upper crust and may influence the occurrence of aftershocks after a longer time period (>four Maxwell times).  相似文献   

岫岩5.4级地震序列主应力变化特征研究     

兰从欣  刘杰  马士振  武敏捷  苗春兰 《地震》2006,26(2):73-82

根据1999年岫岩地震序列的活动特点, 将其划分为前震、 余震密集、 余震平静、 余震衰减4个时段, 利用收集整理的1999年6月至2000年9月间该序列中161次2.5级以上地震的震源机制解和Gephart的应力反演方法, 研究了震源区各时段内构造应力场的总体特征和时序变化特征。 结果表明, 序列的主压应力方向与华北地区的构造应力场基本一致, 而且最大主压应力的空间取向经历了主震前相对稳定—主震后分散—最大余震前相对稳定—最大余震后分散的全过程。 该结果对主震和最大余震的预测具有一定的参考价值。  相似文献   

福建及沿海地区地震活动力源探讨   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

史粦华  周峥嵘  鲍挺  倪晓寅 《地震》2006,26(2):104-112

综合地震震源机制解和地壳形变观测资料的研究, 求得福建及其沿海地区现代震源应力场, 认为这与台湾地区、 台湾海峡应力场相互衔接, 主压应力轴优势方位为NW-SE向, 力轴仰角较小, 应力场近于水平挤压, 形变场反映近期福建沿海亦受北西方向, 接近与海岸垂直的挤压力。 进一步分析该区域内的断裂构造特征和地震活动强度由东至西逐渐减弱的规律, 认为菲律宾海板块与欧亚板块的相互作用力不仅是台湾强震力源所在, 而且其影响向西扩展, 福建及其沿海地区地震活动主要力源仍然是来自这两大板块的相互作用力。  相似文献   

1970年通海7.7级大地震强余震触发   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

郝平  傅征祥  田勤俭  刘桂萍  刘杰 《地震》2004,24(2):38-46

1970年1月5日云南通海发生了M_S7.7地震, 震后发生了多次M_S＞5.0的强余震。 文中计算了1970年通海7.7级大地震后, 主震分别在5次强余震破裂面上诱发的库仑破裂应力变化(ΔCFS)。 结果表明, 有4次强余震发生在库仑破裂应力增加(ΔCFS＞0)的地区, 增加的范围为10^-2～10^-1 MPa; 有1次强余震按2种震源机制解结果给出的破裂面计算, 得到2种结果, 分别发生在库仑破裂应力变化为正和在库仑破裂应力变化为负的地区。 研究结果表明, 主震位错产生的库仑破裂应力变化可能是1970年通海7.7级大地震强余震活动的重要原因。  相似文献   

青藏高原及周边2001年以来三次特大地震引起的形变场分布特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

张元生  郑晓静  王兰民 《地球物理学报》2016,59(10):3637-3645

基于地壳黏弹模型在GPS观测资料和地震位错数据为约束条件下,应用有限元数值模拟方法对2001年昆仑山8.1级、2008年汶川8.0级和2015年尼泊尔8.1级特大地震引起的地壳形变分布特征进行了模拟计算,获得了地震位移场和形变场.这3次大地震分别发生在青藏高原的北部、东部边界和南部边界,尽管震级大小基本相当,但发震区域和发震断层性质都各不相同,其各自产生的地壳形变场分布特征存在明显的差异,主要表现为形变场区域大小、幅值大小等的差异,以及在不同地壳深度也存在明显的差异,这些差异主要取决于地震断层性质和地下介质结构的不同.通过模拟计算,可以进一步了解大地震产生的应力加卸载区分布特征,对预测未来地震发生区域范围提供重要参考依据.  相似文献   

Inversion of multicomponent seismic time shifts for reservoir pressure and length: a feasibility study          下载免费PDF全文

Steven Shawn Smith  Ilya Tsvankin 《Geophysical Prospecting》2016,64(1):83-101

Pressure drops associated with reservoir production generate excess stress and strain that cause travel‐time shifts of reflected waves. Here, we invert time shifts of P‐, S‐, and PS‐waves measured between baseline and monitor surveys for pressure reduction and reservoir length. The inversion results can be used to estimate compaction‐induced stress and strain changes around the reservoir. We implement a hybrid inversion algorithm that incorporates elements of gradient, global/genetic, and nearest neighbour methods and permits exploration of the parameter space while simultaneously following local misfit gradients. Our synthetic examples indicate that optimal estimates of reservoir pressure from P‐wave data can be obtained using the reflections from the reservoir top. For S‐waves, time shifts from the top of the reservoir can be accurately inverted for pressure if the noise level is low. However, if noise contamination is significant, it is preferable to use S‐wave data (or combined shifts of all three modes) from reflectors beneath the reservoir. Joint wave type inversions demonstrate improvements over any single pure mode. Reservoir length can be estimated using the time shifts of any mode from the reservoir top or deeper reflectors. We also evaluate the differences between the actual strain field and those corresponding to the best‐case inversion results obtained using P‐ and S‐wave data. Another series of tests addresses the inversion of the time shifts for the pressure drops in two‐compartment reservoirs, as well as for the associated strain field. Numerical testing shows that a potentially serious source of error in the inversion is a distortion in the strain‐sensitivity coefficients, which govern the magnitude of stiffness changes. This feasibility study suggests which wave types and reflector locations may provide the most accurate estimates of reservoir parameters from compaction‐induced time shifts.  相似文献   

2014年鲁甸M_S6.5地震前后介质波速变化特征分析     

戴宗辉  张晓东 《地震》2016,36(3):34-45

本文利用研究区内13个地震台站2014年1月至12月的连续波形数据, 采用背景噪声互相关方法, 提取了2014年8月3日鲁甸M_S6.5地震的同震波速变化。 结果表明, 鲁甸地震对介质波速的影响具有明显的空间差异性, 较大幅度的同震波速变化主要集中于则木河断裂—小江断裂及莲峰断裂区域。 其中, 莲峰断裂SW段和则木河断裂NW段区域的波速出现了较为明显的同震降低, 则木河断裂和小江断裂交界处则出现了明显的波速升高。 通过对比研究区内介质波速的同震变化与鲁甸地震对周边主要活动断裂应力积累的影响后发现, 波速变化与应力变化在空间分布上具有较高的一致性, 且两者的变化幅度也成正相关关系。 由此可以看出, 鲁甸地震造成的应力变化可能是地下介质波速变化的主要原因。 采用相同的方法对2014年4月5日永善M_S5.1地震研究后发现, 永善地震后鲁甸地震震源区及其附近区域波速明显升高。  相似文献